Foreign policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Foreign policy analysis - bear witness ExampleAllison suggests that using this model may be too simplistic to explain accurately the near dynamics of the crisis. One of his reasons in promoting the organizational act uponor theory in contrast to this interpretation is that the soil is not a single entity but rather a practical assemblage of people, processes, and institutions that often act with conflicting rates of efficiency and motivation. As Sundaram (2011) writes, An organizational process model in which the decision shaper operates under time and information constraints, and does not seek an optimal solution. Instead, the decision maker engages in satisficing sort and attempts to find a solution which achieves a set (minimum) goal, and minimizes risk of failure. (Sundaram, 2011, p.22) Allison finally modified this thesis to a bureaucratic politics which took into consideration the full complexity of the governance in action. (Sundaram, 2011, p.25) These distinctions show why the decision-making aspects of government may proceed differently in a crisis vs. during normal times. A crisis presents a critical stance that can spiral out of control at any moment. This is seen in the nuclear escalation between the ground forces and USSR in the Cuban missile Crisis. ... Practically, when the Cuban Blockade was utilise by Kenendy, the policy would be implemented not by JFK himself but by a wide range of instruments of the US bureaucracy, military, and innumerable soldiers or staff. If any one of these individuals do a mistake in the crisis, it could have spiraled out of control in a way that would have changed the way Kennedy or Khrushchev could make further decisions. Compare the negotiations between Gorbachev and Reagan that took put down at Reykjavik and other locations during the end of the Cold War. In one to one negotiations at the highest level, the reasonable actor theory seems like a plausible way to explain history. Yet, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the American Navy and Russian Navy could have exchanged fire at any time, creating a Gulf of Tonkin or Lusitania moment that could have led to further escalation in MAD. Allison states he expected that Kennedy made a personalized and private offer to Khrushchev that defused the situation, and historically he was proven correct. (Marks, 1991, Web) This offer allowed Khrushchev to remove bases from Cuba with the personal assurance from Kennedy that the US nuclear weapons would also be removed from Turkey. (Marks, 1991, Web) Question 2 assess the forcefulness of military force as a tool for foreign policy In an article scripted just after the 9/11 attacks, MIT professor Noam Chomsky cited the US Army manual which define act of terrorism as the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature...through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. (Chomsky, 2002) What Chomsky and others have noted througho ut history is the fundamental kind of military force and the violence of war to terrorism. For example,