Hindustan Unilever Ltd Essay Example for Free

Hindustan Unilever Ltd EssayHindustan Unilever exceptional, a fast moving consumer goods political party, manufactures and sells home aid, private cargon, and food products in India and internationally. The caller-out sprees soaps, detergent bars, detergent powders, detergent liquids, scourers, etc. and in the flesh(predicate) products, such as oral care, skin care, and hair care products, as well as deodorants, talcum powders, color cosmetic products, and Ayush health care and personal care products and services. It as well as offers packaged foods, such as atta, salt, bread, etc. ice creams and frozen desserts culinary products comprising tomato based products, fruit based products, soups, etc. and beverages, including tea and coffee. In addition, the company exports marine and leather products, as well as offers chemicals Pureit in-home water purifiers and salon services.It offers food products primarily under the Annapurna, Brooke draw 3 Roses, Annapurna, Brooke Bo nd Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Bru, Kissan, Knorr, Kwality Walls, Lipton, Magic, Magnum, and Modern brand names personal care products under the Aviance, Axe, Breeze, Clear, Clinic Plus, Closeup, Dove, ELLE 18, Fair Lovely, Hamam, Lakme, vivificationbuoy, Liril 2000, Lux, Pears, Pepsodent, Ponds, Rexona, Sure, Sunsilk, TRESemm, and Vaseline brand names and home care products under the Active Wheel, Cif, Comfort Fabric Conditioner, Domex, Rin, Sunlight, Surf Excel, and Vim brand names. The company was formerly known as Hindustan Lever Limited and changed its name to Hindustan Unilever Limited in May 2007. Hindustan Unilever Limited was founded in 1931 and is based in Mumbai, India. As of July 4, 2013, Hindustan Unilever Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of Unilever plc.Many challenges for HULs new bossCheap Flights from redbrick Delhi to Toronto As low asFares Have Reduced, Book Your Flight Now Yatra.com www.Yatra.com Ads by GoogleAdd to My PageRead to a grea ter extent on Hul Fmcg Mena Hindustan Unilever Sanjiv Mehta Nitin ParanjpeRELATED intelligence serviceDiageo stirs USL in bid to shake Indian market placeShreekant Sambrani Gandhis truth Then and nowITC looks away from fairness for men in personal wash cabinet to take up ordinance on convicted netas on Oct 2Rahuls opinion well taken in party, govt CongSBI Life Insurance Plans1 Cr Life Cover Rs 543* pm Only Save upto 50%, Get Free Quotes Nowwww.policybazaar.com/Tax_SavingIDFC Mutual FundInvest in a wide lay out of Funds. Meet an Advisor in Your City Nowwww.idfcmf.com Ads by GoogleSanjiv Mehta has cut himself an unusual career for a chartered accountant. Rather than move up the echelons of pay management, he was part of crisis management at his first employer, and then the commercial head of home and personal care products and, lately, chairman of MENA (Middle East and North Africa) for Unilever, the second-largest fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company in the world.As he takes over as chief executive at Unilevers India arm, and the countrys largest FMCG company, Hindustan Unilever (HUL), on Tuesday, he will be the first to not lead had a stint in Indian business before doing so.The current slowdown has not spared FMCG companies and though fortified on the back of an open offer and a reinforced supply chain, HUL has challenges of its own to battle. If not for these, all Mehta had to do was ensure continuity to ride out the gloom. However, he will now consume to iron out creases at one of its bread and solelyter segments, skincare, at a time when HULs top brass drive on premiumisation is seeing tube due to sobering consumer sentiment.ComparisonsThe company is different from the HUL in April 2008, when predecessor Nitin Paranjpe had taken over as CEO. Paranjpe, who joins the Unilever Leadership Executive, took on the role of president, home care, moved up the ranks inlaundry and home care and then personal care, right from being an area sales manag er to being the executive director. He took the company out of the woods during the previous slowdown that India had faced.Jyothy Laboratories joint managing director, Ullas Kamath, says Nitin breathed new life into HUL by doing away with power brands, increasing rural and semi-urban reach and, roughly important, building a team that worked hard, stayed together in the past five years. I wish Sanjiv all the best he should strive to not change by reversal what has been done so far.Another industry peer points to the internal changes under Paranjpes watch and what Mehta would do well to preserve He brought Leena Nair on board and rehauled the benignant resources at HUL, with a young team which was answerable for bringing about results and members rotated ein truth three years for a rounded experience. Various programmes also led to low-cost production and an extensive distribution in the hinterlands. It is like HUL is now on auto-pilot and process-driven in a way that people are mo re aware of the company than the man behind it, which is the mark of a leader.Observers are perhaps worried about the new CEOs rallying skills because Paranjpe did it very well. One of Paranjpes peers and batchmates says, HUL will have to be mindful of the drain of human capital to other organisations. ITC is also of a similar size but it does not suffer as much. Paranjpe knew the system and got the top people on his side. He was quiet. Rather than be visible outside like Banga (CEO before him), he was visible inside the organisation and, hence, could influence top guys more.Mehta has not worked with the Indian team so far but taking over without rocking the boat at this time will be crucial. So far, in various interviews, he has spoken about empowering people and developing them.Nirmal Jain, chairman, India Infoline (IIFL), says Mehta will have to reinforce the dodging so far, so that the morale of his team remains high. He is from an emerging markets background, so he will unders tand the focus on market share, gaudiness growth and spends on brands.ChallengesOne of Paranjpes peers and batchmates says, Mehta might need to reassure shareholders on not losing margins. He would have to think of ways in fascinating the pressure on volume growth in these times. One of these could be telling them that HUL would take a hit on volume but reserve margins since it can afford to do so.IIFLs Jain wants Mehta to focus on innovation and relaunches. Nikhil Vora, managing director at IDFC, says Paranjpe has been able to restrict market share losses and even grow in some categories. But the biggest challenge remains the absence of a funnel of new products, especially because its core categories are still expected to grow weaker.Jain says going into a service-led business of water purifiers rather than sell bottled water amounts to HUL playing in a niche category, whereas it is soften geared to succeed in mass segments.The clamour for innovation can also be linked to how one of HULs erstwhile blockbusters has run into anesthetise of late. Fair and Lovely, a Rs 1,500-crore brand in personal care, a segment that contributes nearly 30 per cent to HULs revenue, is in a category (fairness) which is not growing. It shows a consumer disconnect with the brand, says Vora.Food remains a challenge. Analysts like Vora point to a lack of investment in the category. It has been historically coy with introducing innovation in snacks, foods and dairy. These are categories in which its competition has been active with innovation. It needs to get into these categories to stay formidable in the years to come.AheadIn his Bangladesh stint, Mehta was known to take risks and alter the run style to turn around a troubled loss-making business, in two and a half years. He is also aware of the cultures in Southeast Asia and watt Asia. In his first job with Union Carbide, he was part of the crisis management team after the Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 and remained till 1992b efore connectedness Unilever in Dubai. Nitin Mathur, consumer research analyst with Espirito Santo Securities, says North Africa due to its proximity with markets in Europe has about 80-90 per cent media penetration and a greater presence of modern trade than India. While Bangladesh and West Asia not only boast of Indian expats but also media habits that are similar to India.Mehtas succeeding Paranjpe is reminiscent of the latter(prenominal)s ascension in the downturn of 2008. However, at that time the FMCG sector was not hit and 2010-11 saw a boom. Will Mehtas emerging market exposure stand him in good stead now?

Lord Of The Flies Alternative Ending Essay Example for Free

Lord Of The Flies Alternative Ending EssayRalph was the first to spot Simon. He saw him stumbling down the mountain like a pathetic new born calf. His eye were wide but heavy and tired at the same time. The camp stopped at a sudden and they watched Simon know closer and closer. Simon opened his mouth and began to talk. The blue-white scar was constant, the noise unendurable. Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill. Ralph strained his ears to travail and listen but could not hear anything all everyplace the endless chants from the hunters. Then in such a quick second, the game had taken a awe-inspiring turn. Ralph caught a glimpse of Jacks eyes. They were fixated on Simon and were full of anger and fury. Then in that split second, Ralph realised that he should do something quickly for the sake of Simon. Somehow, he knew that they were deprivation to do something terrible. The intone was getting stronger and the storm was becoming harsher. Ralph broke thro ugh the circling hunters and grabbed Simons arm. He pulled him through the mass of chanting savages and made him run a curt musical mode down the beach until they came to an opening to the forest.Go Simon, run through the forest as fast and as far as you can.Ralph looked into Simons eyes. He had never seen such clear and beautiful eyes before in his whole life. Now, they sparkled like he had never seen anything sparkle before in his life. He closed his eyes and he felt Simons arm run the lose grip of his hand. He heard the scurrying of Simons little feet pad into the forest and into the darkness. Ralphs knees gave way and he slumped on to the ground. Realising that he was awake and not unconscious, he became aware to the chanting that had became close. Too close.Kill the sentient being Cut his throat Spill his businessThe chanting was continuous and the words spun through his head. The savages blurred in front of his eyes. Then there was silence. A voice spoke. Ralph recognised it as Jack.You let the skirt chaser escape. You are an ally of the beast and I dont want any beasts on my island. How do we know that you are not the beast? Dont worry, we will find the other beast, he cant get far. Look my hunters We have found other beastRalph tried to scream but the circle burst and started dancing and chanting again. This time Ralph could feel the spears scratching at his skin. Ralph didnt move. He had given up. All he was waiting for was the final plunge of the spear to finish him off.Kill the beast Spill his blood Do him inAn old charwoman began to pour a slender middle-aged man another cup of tea.Oh, no thank you, replied the man. Now Mrs Doon, tell me a little about the patient. Ive vi sit downed all the boys who returned from the island but it sounds as though yours has taken the experience the worst.Hes such a poor little boy. Hes been so ill since hes arrived home. You would of thought that at least his father would come home to spend some time with him. He wont let anyone extract him the slightest bit of affection. It breaks my heart to see him like this. Anyway, what do I know? Here, let me show you to his room.Mrs Doon guided the guest through a long current of air passage to the top of the house. He thought that is was never going to end. Suddenly they heard a small boys voice crying out from the darkness.Sounds like hes had another nightmare again. They happen nearly every night now. I dont know what to do for him anymore. Looks like you came at a good time doctor. We better go quickly now.Mrs Doon carried on up the stairs but this time with a little more speed. The doctor could see how drained and tired she was. He walked apprehensively behind her.He refused to return to his own room and so we converted the attic into a room. He never comes out of it. All he does is sit up there all day. Ive offered to decorate it for him but he insists that he likes it the way it is. He also always has to say that he is the leader and we essential do what he wants. Now, I know that I am just someone employed by his father, but really Well, what can you expect afterwards being deserted on an island for three months, eh? Here we are. Now, I have to warn you doctor, he does tend to act a bit strange. The old woman opened the door to the dark and miserable bedroom. Mrs Doon went straight for the curtains and snatched them back. The little body on the bed flinched at the immense light.Now, Now, what is it? Another bad dream? seed on now, sit up a little. You have a visitor.The little boys eyes were full of madness. Sweat dripped from his forehead. On his bed lay hundred of crumpled drawings. All the drawings were done with so much accuracy, but without colour, they lacked life.It was chanting again. Over and over and-Hush. Now then. This is Doctor Wahlburg. He just wants to talk to you. Hes not going to harm you. He wants to help you.Hello, began the doctor in a calming voice. How are you feeling today then?There was silence and no seeming movement. The childs eyes made the doctor nervous and restless.So, what are these drawings? Did you do these? They are splendid.Yes, whispered the boy. His mouth hardly moving. I did these, but this is my favourite one. The boy reached over the bed and picked up a shoebox off the floor. He opened it with so much care and presented a perfectly folded piece of paper. He opened it with his eyes so wide. He showed the picture of a huge shell to the doctor. Like all the other pictures in the room, so much care had been taken over it. However, this picture had the quality of colour added to it.Ralph my dear, it is freezing in here Let me light you a fire-No Screamed Ralph. He sprang out of his bed while make horrific snarling noises. He began to circle the old woman. The doctor grabbed Ralphs arm as an attempt to out him to bed again, but Ralph squirmed free of the grip and stood his ground in front of the terrified Mrs Doon.What did I say? I said that I woul d get waxy if you tried to light that fire, didnt I? I want to be alone with the doctor so let us beThe old woman shuffled nervously out of the room.See what I mean? she cried just as she left the room.Ralph jumped happily back into bed, satisfied with his victory over an adult. It was obvious that he had found someone he liked in the form of the doctor. tranquillise clutching onto his drawing, he sat at the top of the bed, quite innocently, and not making a sound.The doctor stirred on his spot very cautiously and lento made his way to a chair at the end of the bed. He began to say something, but stopped himself and sat there in his own thoughts for a few minutes. Then he began. He opened up his notebook and took out a pencil.Now Ralph, I want you to start from the beginning and dont leave anything out. I want you to let out what has been eating away at you. Its your turn now.

International Marketing and Digital Media

International Marketing and Digital MediaYanika Limbu, Deevanshu Sahni, Ravreet KaurTACTICS, OPERATIONAL FACTORS, CUSTOMERS TARGETING AND OUTCOMESEvery agate line should have its perfect plan to achieve its goals. As for our company to sell our intersection points in the China we are employ social networking sites as one of the media to uphold and sell our products. There are many social sites in the world and we are choosing those social networking which are famous in China. The social networking sites we are choosing as followsWEBSITE Firstly, we are promoting our products through and through our own Companys website where we will explain everything nearly products price, ingredients, usage and benefits. Nowadays, everyone use internet to search about new products in the market. So it is avail for us to have our own website where we will keep marking about our new products reaching, promotion and discounts. As website is available for 24/7 so customers batch easily get acc essible from anywhere anytime therefore, it will help us to cover a wide range of market (kazdesignworks, 2016). Chinese women which age from 25 to 54 are our main customers as our product is related to beauty care. Like, as mentioned before website is easily available for everyone so our main target customers besides fall under this category. They are from young to middle age women who are busy in their own life but with the help of website they commode taint the product and no need to go to store.So, with the help of website we can know whether customers are interested in our product or not and are we achieving our goal. For that purposes, we can use different kinds of indicators like Google Analytics and Goal Conversion tracking which will help us to know how many customers have buy our products. In a same way, through Engagement metrics will help us to know that how many times customers are visiting our website. Therefore, if customers are visiting our website much frequentl y then we can say that they are interested in our products (yola, 2013).WECHAT WeChat is one of the best platform for the cosmetic products sales in China as in 2015 it had drug user of 600 million in every month and it is still growing (Eggplantdigital, 2016). So, we can say that many Chinese people are using WeChat for the online shopping. We can set our own WeChat Shop through we can communicate with our potential customers where we can know customers buying habit. As well as, customers can consume questions about the products features and we can feast answers for their queries. Nowadays, Chinese people are more interested in buying online rather than going store because its easy and candid with just one touch on the picture of the product (Dickson, 2015).According to the WeChat Impact Report, the users are ages from 18 to 35 so most of our target congregation are falls under this category (Mobile, 2016). So, users can look picture of our products and they can always give t heir feedback at any time. With the given feedback, we can mend our product according our customers demands. If our product is like by Chinese customers then they can spread the goods words and deal out experience with others. As a result, we will get good promotion and more new customers for the product. Likewise, we can offer users free sample and discount by encouraging them to be our member through WeChat shop. As mentioned before, this is a good platform for communicate with customers personally to know their opinions about the products. So, we can present some problems related to skin and ask the customers to give solution later we can select best one and give them rewards. Therefore, it will boost our sales and customers will be more curious about our products. Last but not least, the main benefit of using social media is online payment, like in WeChat there is also online payment which is very convenient and prompt for customers (OKOMP, 2015).WEIBO Another social media we choose to follow to promote and sale our product in China is Weibo which had 280 million user in 2013 that covers almost 45.5% of internet user (HKTDC, 2014). Therefore, it is used by almost everyone in China and it covers our target age group too. Like other social media, it also gives and shares information through icon and post regarding new things like products, events and news to anyone. So, it will be great opportunity for us to reach many potential customers in China. We can post and update our product features on Weibo so that users can share the post to their friends and community. As a result, many people can know about our product and helps us to create product awareness in the market. According to Sina Weibo Data Center, with the help of incentives like discounts and gifts users who were not interested buying online products are willing to share the information to their friends and families by sharing the videos and posts (HKTDC, 2014). Therefore, we can offer gifts ce rtificate and discounts to attract user to share and promote our product through sharing the post to their friends and communities. erstwhile we have regular customers, we can communicate with them more often and they can also leave their comment on the Weibo page. Customers can know our new arrival product or any special promotion through the Weibo page. According to the HKTDCs Survey on Chinas middle-class consumers, agree that I believe in the products recommended by people I follow on Weibo and WeChat and am interested in giving then a try (HKTDC, 2014). Thus, we can say that most of Chinas customers obtain the product how others gives review it like positive or negative through social media.

SICK Score Study Research

SICK Score Study ResearchSarah Mohammad Iqbal ChaganiThis discombobulate is pilot study of the clinical students don ERC approval research named as SICK chronicle studyIntroduction to the problem and topicTriaging pediatric patient roles is a difficult and ch all in allenging task as under-triaging could lead to sentinel events and medical errors. Since pediatric patients be more susceptible and less expressive than adult they deteriorate quickly and many of their signs and symptoms could go any unnoticed or non-prioritized. The increased influx of pediatric patients in ED and changing trends of trained staffing could result in patients be under-triaged or missed resulting in misallocation of limited resources of ED.Numerous scores nourish been initiated to number the callosity of illness in children, but all scores have either been introduced in intensive c ar unit or critical care units. Since Emergency Department serves as the first door to the hospital, it should simi larly have a scoring system so that patients could be sorted accordingly and care is not compromised. WHO has introduced ETAT guidelines for pediatric triage in requisite department but it could only be implemented later on proper rearing and education of staff.A sign of Inflammation in sick children (SICK) score, created by Thompson, has been implemented in ED and is calculated using baseline critical signs and 4 important assessment questions. Since easy to calculate it can be implemented in ED without any specific training as vital signs are taken at the triage and the remaining parameters are verbally assessed but not documented. With this project, if significant sick score could be introduced, children triage could be made efficient and effective.appraisal phaseMeasurement of vital signs is a routine practice in all triage scales utilized in different hospitals for children visiting emergency department. On preceding occasions, it has been seen that a lot of under triaging and over triaging has occurred resulting in missed priority levels of children and patients either being missed or not diagnosed appropriately. On two occasions, oncology pediatric patients were under-triaged resulting in sentinel events of mortality of those children in ED. It is not only important to monitor vital signs at triage but triage staff should be able to calculate severity score so that appropriate allocation of patients could take place. Currently, this hospital utilizes ESI priority system to allocate patients in ED, however, it would be interesting to observe the consanguinity of SICK score with the outcome of patients and compare it to the Priority levels.Vital signs play a very important role in triaging and disposition decision make of pediatric patients. respiratory rate, color, nasal flaring all are indicators of pediatric clinical condition, however, pulse oximetry is a non- invasive technique of ruling out the severity of illness in pediatric patients. In a study, pulse oximetry measures were taken to identify the change in treatment plan and decision making of physicians. For 305 patients with Sao2 value less than 95%, the clinicians ordered 81 additional diagnostic tests for 62 patients (20%) and 39 additional treatments for 33 children (11%), and changed or added diagnoses for 25 children (8.2%) (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Of this same group, clinicians admitted 50 (68%) children after rechecking the oxygen saturation, whereas 23 children were missd without having their pulse oximetry rechecked (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997).Furthermore, mortality levels could also be predicted with the vital signs and sensible levels of pediatric patients. Among 1133 patients, abnormality in heart rate and respiratory rates had no effect on the mortality of patients but mortality increased as the age of pediatric patients decreased with Odds ratio being 5.2, 15.4, 42.6, 57.0 and 98.3 (Kumar, Thomas, Singhal, Puliyel Sreeniv as, 2003).Unlike heart rate and respiratory rate, abnormal blood closet, oxygen saturation and conscious levels were found to have a significant (p-value Abnormal vital signs have also been found to have a significant relationship with serious and life threatening infections in pediatric patients. Children with serious infection as compared to kid infection had significantly higher(prenominal) temperature 39C (p,0.001), tachycardia (p,0.001), tachypnea (p = 0.002), oxygen saturations (94% (p2 seconds (p39uC (p = 0.004), tachycardia (p2 seconds (p = 0.001) when compared with minor infection (Thompson, Coad, Harnden, Mayon, Perera Mant, 2009).Planning PhasePurposeThe aim of this project is to redesign the triage policy for paediatric patients and all those paediatric patients with higher score will be prioritize earlier for proper disposition and early management, so as to further improve the patient satisfaction and morbidity/mortality outcome.ObjectivesTo predict the disease seve rity with SICK ScoreTo find association of each independent variable and SICK score with the outcome variableVariablesDependant VariableOutcome of patientAdmitDischargeIndependent VariableSICK ScoreHeart RateRespiratory RateTemperatureOxygen saturationSystolic BPCapillary RefillConscious LevelSeizures Activity sexTriage CategoryApproval and PlanPermissions were taken from ED Clinical Manager and ED Head Nurse to introduce the info collection forms (already approved by ERC AKUH) on the main counter to be committed in the file of all pediatric entries. The Unit Receptionists were informed by Manager and HN regarding the forms and reinforcement was provided by clinical student. E-mails were sent to the rotating PGME pediatric residents and pediatric ED faculty members regarding a brief of the study and requesting for filling of forms. A box was introduced in the pediatric area near the working desk of doctors for collection of data forms. Since the study was already funded by an inter national agency, therefore, the photocopies of the forms were done by the preceptor as per the need identified by the clinical student.Implementation phaseThe pile up data was entered in SPSS software and codes were given to the categorical data. The sick scores were calculated using software provided by the preceptor. The total forms collected during the three workweek time was 185 forms but only 100 were included as the remaining had missing information (Diagram 1)The descriptive statistics of the variables revealed mean SICK score of 1.89 and a banal deviation of 0.98with the range between 0.00 5.10. Other variable statistics are defined in Table 1.Table 1As displayed in Table 2, discharge patients accounted for 61% of the population and admission charge were 39%. It could also be noted that 38% patients lie in the age range 1-5 years and minimum office of 6% could be seen in the age range Table 2On calculating the betting odds ratio (Table 3), it was found that SICK score had higher odds of 2.123 of patients being admitted to the hospital. Along with this, capillary refill also has higher odds of 2.46 to predict the admission outcome of patient.Table 3Surprisingly, triage category and conscious levels were found to have no effect on the odds of outcome indicating either discrepancies in the assessment tool of the study or the training of the triage staff. spirit plays a very important role in decision making of the patient but the results of this study are directing towards consciousness level having no effect on the odds of the outcome which could be an error of the assessment tool. Though the model was 71.7% accurate in predicting the outcome of patient but the results are also implying towards comparing the assessment tool used in the Indian SICK score study and the tool used in this project.EvaluationThis project has identified the importance of calculating SICK score in identifying the level of severity of illness in pediatric patients for ap propriate triaging and allocation in emergency department. It also indicates that other than the baseline vital signs capillary refill should also be initiated at the triage as on an individual level it has higher odds of determining the outcome of patients. But the results also suggest few errors either in the tool formulated or the triage staff training which needs to reverse before the final study is initiated. Missing values was also a major problem as a lot of forms and patient data had to be removed as the forms were not being filled completely. Recommendation would include comparing the sick score with another simpler scoring system like TOPR and also identifying the relationship between SICK score and the mortality of pediatric patients.ReferencesMower, W. R., Sachs, C., Nicklin, E. L., Baraff, L. J. (1997). Pulse Oximetry as a fifth Pediatric vital sign. Pediatrics. 99(5). 681 686.Thompson, M., Coad, N., Harnden, A., Mayon, R., Perera, R., Mant, D. (2009). How well do v ital signs identify children with serious infection in pediatric emergency care. Archives of disabled children. 94. 888 893.Kumar, N., Thomas, N., Singhal, D., Puliyel, J. M., Sreenivas, V. (2003). Triage score for severity of illness. Indian Pediatrics. 40. 204-210. Retrieved from http//indianpediatrics.net/mar2003/mar-204-210.htmGupta1 MA, Chakrabarty A, Halstead R, Sahni M, Rangasami J, Puliyel A. et. al. Validation of Signs of Inflammation in Children that dash off (SICK) score for immediate non-invasive assessment of severity of illness. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 3635Bhal S, Tygai V, Kumar N, Sreenivas V, Puliyel JM Signs of Inflammation in Children that can Kill (SICK score) Preliminary likely validation of a new non-invasive measure of severity of illness. J Postgrad Med 2006,52102-5.Data collection formMR Age -Age bands- - 1- - 12 - 60 to - 120 monthsGender - Male- FemaleTriage Time Triage category (ESI)SICK SCOREHeart rate -Respiratory rate -Temperature -Oxyg en saturation -Systolic blood pressure -CRT - 3 seconds -Conscious level - A- V - P - USeizures - Absent- PresentOutcome - Admit- Discharge- DiedMode of admission - Ward- PICU- NICU

Application of the marketing mix

Application of the market riffleed bagINTRODUCTIONThe merchandising ruffle is among the virtu both(prenominal)y widely accept marketing concepts in the world of business (McCarthy 1960 Bartels 1983 Shapiro 1985). However, over the years the marketing mix has come under intense scrutiny from both(prenominal) academics of the marketing discipline and practitioners alike. This feeling was captured by Constantinides when he statedFew topics of the commercial theory have so intensively inspired as surface as divided the marketing academia as the 4Ps Marketing Mix framework (Constantinides, 2006 p.407)This essay aims to critically assess the relevance of the marketing mix for the flowing marketing approaches. To accomplish this, an overview of the marketing mix is given. This is followed by an exploration of some of the contemporary approaches to marketing which will lead to a consideration of the arguments in accompaniment of the marketing mix and the criticisms against it. Fi nally, in the light of the arguments and criticisms the relevance of the marketing mix for contemporary approaches to marketing will be appraised.OVERVIEW OF THE MARKETING MIXThe marketing mix fire be defined as the controllable and tactical marketing tools that the sozzled combines to achieve the desired reception in its target market. It comprises all the measures the firm can employ to stimulate the demand for its goods and/or assists (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). The ultimate goal of any firm is to perform a product or service that will be perceived as unique in the eyes of prospective consumers so that they will prefer it to other competing brands. In creating this unique exchange pro invest (USP), the marketers can blend iv basic ingredients in a number of different ways to obtain different results. These four ingredients are unremarkably referred to as the 4Ps and comprise- product, price, place (distri andion) and promotion (Baker, 2007).Costantinides (2006) and Gron roos (1994) trace the origin of the marketing mix to the 1960s when Neil Borden identified twelve controllable marketing components that would yield profit if aright managed. Borden considered the marketing mix to be a concise, realistic and vivid expression of the admixture of the marketing ingredients, techniques and processes chosen by a marketing manager to create a marketing plan (Banting and Ross, 1973 Waterschoot and van den Bulte, 1992). It was later reduced to four occurrenceors by Jerome McCarthy (McCarthy, 1964 cited in Constantinides, 2006) and this simplified version became the most widely accepted definition of the marketing mix (Judd, 2002). The 4Ps marketing mix commanded utmost respect in the minds of both marketing scholars and practitioners for decades that in the words of Gronroos (1994) and Kent (1986) it was considered heresy to challenge its amaze as the basic foundation of all marketing thinking. This belief strongly reinforces the dominance of the market ing mix during this period and suggests that there was a privation for a theory that could be applied for the solution of most marketing guidance issues.According to Harker and Egan (2006) original economic conditions contributed to the perceived superiority of the marketing mix ikon. Harker and Egan (2006) recollect that a key feature of the United States domestic market after the Second World War was homogeneity of products which resulted in increased demand for standardise consumer products and the rise of the USA as the dominant marketing culture. The demand, notwithstanding, there was need to ensure that consumption matched output (Packard, 1957 cited in Harker and Egan, 2006). Thus, a formal and reliable marketing approach was required to provide this fit (OMalley and Patterson, 1998). The popularity and dominance of the marketing mix mental image was further enhanced by its simplicity and ease of communication (Waterschoot and Van den Bulte 1992 Constantinides, 2006 Ha rker and Egan, 2006).From the above submission, it can be argued that the marketing mix double was borne out of necessity- a necessity for a simple, realistic and reliable framework that could be applied for the solution of general and specific marketing problems that arose in that era. Considering the under-developed marketing structure and knowledge gap that existed at that time, the formulation of the 4Ps marketing mix paradigm could not have come at a better time. Thus, it goes without saying that the relevance of its application to the transactional marketing approach- the primary approach to marketing in the twentieth century-is indubitable.However, due to the shortcomings of the transactional approach to marketing, there was the need for a paradigm shift from a product-oriented approach to one that focused on the customer. Thus, the academia and marketing practitioners began to headspring the efficacy of the marketing mix framework as the answer to all marketing problems. The 4Ps were considered too narrow to adequately address the many aspects of marketing management and laid excessive emphasis on the product and processes with little or no thought for the customer. The increased sophistication of customers and the dynamic nature of the business surround meant that organisations had to adapt regularly to the changes that occur in the purlieu or risk losing market share with the consequence of possible liquidation. This situation led to the emergence of some(prenominal) modern marketing approaches that shifted attention from the product to the customer thereby ushering in the era of market orientation.Some of the contemporary approaches to marketing that emerged as a response to the continuous evolution of the business environment include Relationship marketing, Interaction marketing and Network marketing (Constantinides, 2006 Coviello et al, 1997 Gronroos, 1997). These modern approaches demanded a re-thinking of the marketing process in order to a chieve effective and efficient murder. Based on this need for a re-definition of the marketing process, it was inevitable that the marketing mix paradigm would come up for debate with regards to the relevance of its application to the aforementioned marketing approaches.Relationship marketing involves the development and maintenance of mutually satisfying exchange relations with customers and other parties at a profit, so that the objectives of all the parties are realised (Gronroos, 1994 Baker, 2007, Coviello et al, 1997). The implication of this viewpoint is that every organisation must cooperate with other parties within its business environment and beyond in order to achieve its ultimate aim. The 21st century market is replete with opportunities and challenges that were relatively unknown in the 20th century. To harness the opportunities and catch up with the challenges effectively and efficiently entails building up a long-term relationship with the customers and all other st akeholders that directly or indirectly influence an organisations operations. This situation suggests that certain changes would have to occur in the organisations overall business processes, especially the marketing processes, to ensure a seamless slaying of relationship marketing.Gronroos (1994), Gummesson (1994, 1997) and Goldsmith (1999) argue that firms practising a transactional marketing approach stand to benefit most from a traditional marketing mix approach because of the absence of personal interactions with their customers and emphasis on can markets. However, the marketing mix tends to be restrictive for a relation-oriented firm. The most significant customer interactions from a marketing success perspective are outside the reach of the marketing mix and marketing specialists. The customer decides whether to maintain business relations with a firm based on the effect of his/her contacts with the people, technology, and operations and other non-marketing functions. This position is supported by Ailawadi et al (2001) who doubt the impact of promotion and advertising as marketing tools for customer retention. This proposition suggests that the customers interactions with any firm transcends the marketing functions and includes all indirect transactions with the non-marketing functions within the firm. Relationship marketing advocates the inclusion of all the functional units in any organisation towards creating value for the customer. The effective and efficient carrying out of this customer-oriented approach requires that certain critical changes occur within the organisation. These requisite changes will cut across the whole organisation, but will focus more on the marketing functions because of the direct and frequent interactions with the customers. The change in the marketing functions will lead to a complete shift or adaptions in the methods tools adopted by the organisation in creating value for the customer. This, invariably, would necessi tate a review of the organisations marketing mix. Such reviews have surfaced in Kotlers redefinition of the 4Ps to the 4Cs namely, customer solution, customer cost, convenience and communication (Kotler et al., 1999 cited in Kruger et al., 2003 and Ashcroft and Hoey 1999). This redefinition suggests a shift from the era of product-orientation to customer-orientation which is the essence of relationship marketing. However, it also suggests that the marketing mix is still relevant but there is need for some modification to suit the dynamic marketing environment. Judd (2002) proposes an expansion of the 4Ps marketing mix by including the employees of any organisation as the fifth P. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that the employees are an integral part of any organisation. They are the point of contact between the organisation and its customers. However, like Kotlers 4Cs, this proposed expansion of the 4Ps to 5Ps also points to the relevance of the marketing mix, but with some modification to suit appropriate markets. This argument is supported by Groonroos (1994) when he opines that relationships do not operate in isolation. Relationships function in combination with the other marketing tools already in operation within a given organisation in order to successfully create value for both the customer and the organisation. The application of the traditional marketing mix elements of product, price, promotion and place would be necessary at some point in the interactions between the customer and the organisation. This standpoint implies that, notwithstanding the criticisms of the traditional marketing mix paradigm, its elements still contribute in one way or the other in the effective implementation of the relationship marketing approach.Criticism of the marketing mix has also arisen in the area of social marketing. Murphy et al., (1978) argue that the implementation of certain marketing strategies is unethical especially in the area of packaging, promoti on, price and distribution channels. This argument tends to suggest that the marketing mix is responsible for the unethical practices that may occur during implementation. However, responsibility for the implementation of the marketing mix is within the purview of the marketing and non-marketing functional units within the organisation. They are responsible for any unethical practices that may occur in the draw of implementing the marketing strategies and not the marketing mix.Also, the marketing mix has been applied by social marketing in the public health sector. Montoya et al, (2005), Pirani and Reizes (2005) and Grier and Bryant (2005) agree that the application of the marketing mix is essential in the role of social marketing in public health. The elements are combined in different ways to bring well-nigh the desired change in the target market.Attempts have been made to incorporate the marketing mix theory into other non-marketing sectors. Lees-Marshment (2001) suggests that political parties have adopted a marketing-orientation with significant electoral success. Lloyd (2003) suggests the application of the marketing mix to the political arena by recommending the development of a political marketing mix that comprises five components namely, service offering, representation, accommodation, investment and outcome. The implication of the aforementioned suggestions is that the marketing mix can contribute enormously to the smooth operation of political parties in particular, and the government in general. finishThough the marketing mix has been criticised as being too narrow and product-oriented, it is still relevant in contemporary marketing approaches. As has been discussed above, there is need for some modifications in the mix portfolio. Redefinition of the marketing mix does not reduce its relevance it only serves to shift its focus to the modern trends in the market place. Also, the relevance of the marketing mix is reinforced by its application to n on-marketing sectors such as politics and the public health sector. This shift suggests that with the right modifications, the marketing mix can be applied in any area of human endeavour.REFERENCESAilawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D.R. and Neslin, S.A. (2001), Market response to a major policy change in the marketing mix learning from Procter Gambles value pricing strategy. diary of Marketing, Vol.65, No.1, pp.44-61.Ashcroft, L. and Hoey, C. (2001), PR, marketing and the Internet implications for information professionals. Library Management, Vol.22, No. 1/2, pp.68-74.Banting, P.M. and Ross, E.M. (1973), The marketing mix a Canadian perspective. diary of Marketing Science, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-11.Bartels, R. (1983), The development of marketing thought. Ohio Grid Publishing.Constantinides, E. (2006), The marketing mix revisited towards the 21st century marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.22, pp.407-438.Coviello, N.E., Brodie, R.J. and Munro, H.J. (1997), Understanding contempora ry marketing development of a classification scheme. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.13, No.6, pp.501-522.Goldsmith, R. (1999), The personalised marketplace beyond the 4Ps. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, pp.178-185.Grier, S. and Bryant C.A. (2005), Social marketing in public health. Annual Review overt Health, Vol.26, pp.319-339.Gronroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, Vol.32, N0.2, pp.4-20.Gronroos, C. (1997). From marketing mix to relationship marketing towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, Vol.35, No.4, pp.322-339.Gummesson, E. (1994). Making relationship marketing operational. International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol.5, No.5, pp.5-20.Gummesson, J. (1997). Relationship marketing as a paradigm shift some conclusions from the 30R approach. Management Decision, Vol.35, No.4, pp.267-272.Harker, M. and Egan J. (2006), The past, present and future of r elationship marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.22, pp.215-242.Judd, V. (2002). Achieving a customer orientation using people-power, the 5th P. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.37, No. 10, pp.1301-1313.Kent, R.A. (1986). Faith in the 4Ps an alternative. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.2, No.2, pp.145-154.Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. and Wong V. (1999), Principles of marketing. London Prentice Hall.Kotler, P. and Armstrong G. (2008), Principles of marketing. New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.Kruger, C.C., Lu, N. and Swatman, P.M.C. (2003), Success factors for online music marketing- e-transformation from the four Ps to the four Cs, pp. 1-16.Lees-Marshment, J. (2001), The marriage of politics and marketing. political studies, Vol.49, 692-713.Lloyd, J. (2003), Square peg, round hole? Can marketing-based concepts such as the product and the marketing mix have a reusable role in the political arena?. pp. 1-24.McCarthy, E. (1960), Basic marketing A managerial approach. Illinois Irwin.Montoya, J. A., Kent, C. K., Rotblatt, H., Mccright, J., Kerndt, P. R., and Klausner, J. D. (2005), Social marketing campaign significantly associated with increases in syphilis examination among gay and bisexual men in San Francisco. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Vol.32, No.7, pp.395-399.Murphy, P. E., Laczniak, G. R. and Lusch, R. F. (1978). Ethical guidelines for business and social marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, Vol.6, No.3, pp.195-205.O Malley, L. and Patterson, M. (1998). Vanishing point the mix management paradigm re-viewed. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.14, pp.829-851.Pirani, S. and Reizes, T. (2005). The turning point social marketing national excellence collaboration integrating social marketing into turn of events public health practice. Journal of Public Health Management, Vol.11, No.2, pp.131-138.Shapiro, B. (1985). Rejuvenating the marketing mix. Havard Business Review, pp. 28-34.Van Waterschoot, W. and Van d en Bulte, C. (1992). The 4P classification of the marketing mix revisited. Journal of Marketing, Vol.56, No.4, pp.83-93.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

In his novel, 1984, George Orwell warns us against three things. He stated that people are all out for personal gain, and will use any means to reach their goals. He also warned against these types of people who are already in power. And lastly, he warns us against the lost of privacy through constant surveillance, and how we actually allow this to happen.If we all have the traits to become evil, why does it become a reality only in some? Before this question can be answered, we must first ask what evil actually is. Evil is an intent to cause frantic trauma, to terrorize the helpless, to prolong suffering, and gain satisfaction from it all. Someone is considered evil if they willingly and gratuitously inflict harm on others. These people cannot empathize, they revel in others pain, they degrade their victims, they are narcissistic, and grandiose (they play God).People are not retributive born evil. There are certain factors that contribute to this type of outcome in a person. T here is a usually history of abuse or neglect. They felt unloved, or even unworthy of love. There is also the possibility of at that place being a chemical imbalance, causing abnormal brain functions, thus, making someone incapable of certain human emotions such as empathy, compassion, or pity. other things that can cause someone to snap could be sexual inadequacy, maternal smothering, paternal abuse, and narcissistic borderline personality disorder (a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, ingest for admiration, and lack of empathy).They tend to have a way to justify their actions. They will use an ideology, or beliefs that what they are doing is what is morally correct, and therefore have every sort out to commit the acts that they do. Take Reverend Arthur Allen for example. His church, the House of Prayer, has a firm belief in corporal punishment. After a young boy complained to his teacher that he was in pain, and the teacher found welts on his body, the police and county officia ls began to investigate the church. However, even when the investigation was going on, the parents of the children in the congregation would not agree to stop the punishments for just two days. The children were taken away and the pastor and five of his followers were arrested on charges that they participated in the beatings of these children. This is also not a first time offense of them.

Boris Yeltsin Essay -- Russia Russian Politicians Biography Biographie

Boris YeltsinWe dont appreciate what we flummox until its gone. Freedom is like that. Its like air.When you have it you dont notice. Boris YeltsinYeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich, president of Russia, elected shortly before the breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re opens in 1991. Yeltsin, who was elected to a second term 1996, is a profound figure in the transition away from communism in the former USSR and has dominated Russian politics in the last decade.Early Life&9In 1930, Ignaty Yeltsin, a well-off peasant of Butka village was declared kulak. His mill and other valuables were seized by the state. Rumors have it that Ignaty either fled the village, or was sent to internal northerly exile. 1931, Ignatys grandson, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, was born in Butka. Soon afterwards Boriss family moved to the city of Kazan, where his father, Nikola, worked at a construction site of a machine-building factory. On May 23, 1934, Nikola Yeltsin was convicted of anti-socialist agitation. H e served trio years in Stalin infamous labor camps of GULAG. After his release, Nikolai Yeltsin remained unemployed for awhile, then worked in construction, and Boriss mother Klavdiya Vasilyevna Yeltsina was a seamstress.&9In his youth Boris blew off twain fingers trying to disarm a hand grenade (he was most likely playing with it not disarming it). Boris graduated from Pushkin High School in Berezniki where his parents lived from the late 1930s to the early on 1970s. After graduation, Boris went to Ural Polytechnic Institute in Sverdlovsk. While in college, Boris played pro volleyball for Sverdlovsk in the USSR first division. In 1955 he graduated with a major in construction. In 1955 he got his first job, he worked for Uraltiazhtrubstroy. Boris mastered twelve construction skills (stonemason, carpenter, etc.) and became foreman. In 1956 Boris married Naina Ioifovna Grina, a student he knew in college. They have two daughter, Yelena and Tatiana, Born in 1957 and 1959. Yeltsins e ngineering career advanced rapidly, he held jobs as chief engineer. In 1961, Boris joined the Communist party, by 1963 he became chief of a housing construction integrated plant, where he had thousands of people under his command.Yeltsin the Communist&9Boris Yeltsins career in the Communist party administrative part began in 1969, when he became Chief of t... ...th are the poverty and crime levels of Russia that have grown exponentially.Boris Yeltsin did as much as any individual to nonplus about the demise of the USSR. The jury is still out on his contribution to the establishment of a post-Soviet order in Russia. Much will depend on whether his economic policies bear fruit and whether the political institutions he has shaped acquire solidity and more effective checks and balances then they presently contain.Bibliography1.Microsoft Encarta 1994, published by Microsoft multimedia system 19942.Websters concise encyclopedia, published by Softscore inc. 19963.Confesions on the Assi gned topics, by Boris Yeltsin, originally published by Russian books inc. 1990, re-published by Barrons international 1993, translated by Thomas Jenkins4.Notes of the President, by. Boris Yeltsin, published by Barons international 19925.Boris Yeltsin, by Vladimir Solovyov & Yelena Klepikova, published by London books 19956.Boris Yeltsin, by David Sheldon, published by Arrow 19967. Time Magazine, on microfilm Los Angeles county public libraries 1991-19998. New York Times, on microfilm Los Angeles county public libraries 1991-1999